{"generated":"2026-09-10","source":"World Bank, World Development Indicators","licence":"CC BY 4.0","indicators":{"fuel":"TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN","manuf":"TX.VAL.MANF.ZS.UN","food":"TX.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN","ores":"TX.VAL.MMTL.ZS.UN","agri":"TX.VAL.AGRI.ZS.UN"},"countries":[{"iso":"CHN","country":"China","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":1.5,"manuf":91.2,"food":2.4,"ores":1.5,"agri":0.3},"note":"The most manufacture heavy mix of any large country, and it now covers electronics, cars and solar panels rather than only cheap goods.","tier":0},{"iso":"USA","country":"United States","year":"2022","parts":{"fuel":21.4,"manuf":53.5,"food":10.3,"ores":3.1,"agri":2.0},"note":"Aircraft, machinery and medicines, and a fuel column that only grew this large after shale drilling took off.","tier":0},{"iso":"PAK","country":"Pakistan","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":1.7,"manuf":67.9,"food":24.4,"ores":4.3,"agri":1.6},"note":"Textiles, from cotton grown at home and spun, woven and stitched before it leaves.","tier":0},{"iso":"NGA","country":"Nigeria","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":88.6,"manuf":3.5,"food":6.0,"ores":1.2,"agri":0.4},"note":"Crude oil dominates, which is why the country imports much of the refined petrol it actually burns.","tier":0},{"iso":"BRA","country":"Brazil","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":17.0,"manuf":23.2,"food":40.4,"ores":12.6,"agri":5.6},"note":"Soybeans, beef, sugar and coffee together outweigh everything else, and the fuel beside them is crude oil found far offshore.","tier":0},{"iso":"BGD","country":"Bangladesh","year":"2018","parts":{"fuel":1.1,"manuf":94.5,"food":3.4,"ores":0.3,"agri":0.8},"note":"One of the least varied export mixes anywhere, and nearly all of it is clothing.","tier":0},{"iso":"ETH","country":"Ethiopia","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":0.0,"manuf":9.2,"food":80.4,"ores":0.7,"agri":9.7},"note":"Coffee, from the country where coffee grew wild first, together with cut flowers picked and flown out within a day.","tier":0},{"iso":"MEX","country":"Mexico","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":4.5,"manuf":79.0,"food":8.5,"ores":2.1,"agri":0.1},"note":"Cars, trucks and electronics, the great majority crossing one land border to the north.","tier":0},{"iso":"JPN","country":"Japan","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":1.8,"manuf":83.6,"food":1.2,"ores":3.4,"agri":0.5},"note":"Cars, machinery and the precise components that go inside other people's products.","tier":0},{"iso":"PHL","country":"Philippines","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":1.3,"manuf":77.2,"food":10.4,"ores":7.5,"agri":1.1},"note":"Electronics, and mostly one narrow slice of them, being assembled and tested semiconductors.","tier":0},{"iso":"COD","country":"Congo, Dem. Rep.","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":0.0,"manuf":17.9,"food":0.6,"ores":76.3,"agri":0.3},"note":"Copper and cobalt. A very large share of the world's cobalt, which sits inside most rechargeable batteries, comes from here.","tier":0},{"iso":"VNM","country":"Viet Nam","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":1.0,"manuf":85.0,"food":9.4,"ores":1.1,"agri":1.9},"note":"Phones, electronics and clothing. Much of this was made in China a decade ago and moved.","tier":0},{"iso":"TUR","country":"Turkiye","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":6.2,"manuf":73.6,"food":12.3,"ores":4.3,"agri":0.6},"note":"Cars, white goods and textiles, sold mainly into Europe next door.","tier":0},{"iso":"DEU","country":"Germany","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":2.1,"manuf":84.1,"food":6.3,"ores":2.7,"agri":0.7},"note":"Machines, cars and the machines that build cars. Germany sells more of what other factories need than of what shoppers buy.","tier":0},{"iso":"THA","country":"Thailand","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":3.4,"manuf":72.1,"food":14.7,"ores":2.8,"agri":4.0},"note":"Cars, computer parts and machinery, with rice and rubber making up much of the rest.","tier":0},{"iso":"ZAF","country":"South Africa","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":9.6,"manuf":39.1,"food":12.2,"ores":29.2,"agri":2.1},"note":"Cars and machinery lead, with platinum group metals and gold just behind. It supplies most of the world's platinum, which sits inside vehicle exhausts.","tier":0},{"iso":"ITA","country":"Italy","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":3.1,"manuf":79.2,"food":11.2,"ores":2.4,"agri":0.6},"note":"Machinery first, then fashion and furniture. The engineering is bigger than the glamour, though the glamour is better known.","tier":0},{"iso":"KEN","country":"Kenya","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":1.6,"manuf":30.7,"food":49.2,"ores":5.1,"agri":12.9},"note":"Tea and cut flowers, the flowers picked and air freighted to European florists overnight.","tier":0},{"iso":"COL","country":"Colombia","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":45.3,"manuf":21.4,"food":18.1,"ores":1.8,"agri":5.1},"note":"Oil and coal together make the fuel. The food is coffee and cut flowers, which is what the country is better known for.","tier":0},{"iso":"KOR","country":"Korea, Rep.","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":7.7,"manuf":87.3,"food":1.6,"ores":2.4,"agri":0.8},"note":"Semiconductors, ships and cars, from a country that had almost no industry seventy years ago.","tier":0},{"iso":"UGA","country":"Uganda","year":"2022","parts":{"fuel":4.2,"manuf":26.9,"food":64.3,"ores":1.4,"agri":3.1},"note":"Coffee, grown mostly by smallholders rather than plantations.","tier":0},{"iso":"DZA","country":"Algeria","year":"2017","parts":{"fuel":96.1,"manuf":2.7,"food":1.0,"ores":0.2,"agri":0.1},"note":"Natural gas above all, piped north under the Mediterranean into Europe.","tier":0},{"iso":"UKR","country":"Ukraine","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0.5,"manuf":30.5,"food":58.7,"ores":8.2,"agri":1.8},"note":"Grain and sunflower oil. It supplies a large share of the world's sunflower oil, which is why the harvest there matters far beyond its borders.","tier":0},{"iso":"ARG","country":"Argentina","year":"2017","parts":{"fuel":2.8,"manuf":27.7,"food":59.8,"ores":3.2,"agri":1.1},"note":"Soybeans, and especially the meal and oil crushed from them, alongside maize and beef.","tier":0},{"iso":"CAN","country":"Canada","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":27.7,"manuf":42.3,"food":13.5,"ores":7.2,"agri":2.9},"note":"Cars, machinery and timber lead, with crude oil close behind it, nearly all of that oil sent south by pipeline.","tier":0},{"iso":"MAR","country":"Morocco","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0.8,"manuf":82.9,"food":12.5,"ores":3.2,"agri":0.6},"note":"Cars and electrical wiring, from assembly plants built near the ports, alongside phosphate based fertiliser.","tier":0},{"iso":"AGO","country":"Angola","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":94.1,"manuf":1.1,"food":0.4,"ores":4.4,"agri":0.0},"note":"Oil, almost to the exclusion of everything else, most of it lifted offshore rather than on land.","tier":0},{"iso":"MYS","country":"Malaysia","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":14.4,"manuf":69.8,"food":10.2,"ores":3.7,"agri":1.3},"note":"Semiconductors above all, from a chip packaging industry built up over fifty years, alongside palm oil in the food column.","tier":0},{"iso":"SAU","country":"Saudi Arabia","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":79.4,"manuf":15.9,"food":1.9,"ores":1.9,"agri":0.3},"note":"Crude oil, and very little else. The manufactures sitting next to it are largely plastics and chemicals made from the same barrel.","tier":0},{"iso":"CIV","country":"Cote d'Ivoire","year":"2019","parts":{"fuel":16.8,"manuf":9.9,"food":52.9,"ores":1.4,"agri":10.5},"note":"Cocoa. A very large share of the world's chocolate begins here, though the beans leave before they become chocolate.","tier":0},{"iso":"AUS","country":"Australia","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":33.2,"manuf":9.6,"food":12.1,"ores":34.2,"agri":1.8},"note":"Iron ore and coal in almost equal measure, nearly all of it sailing north to Asian steelworks and power stations.","tier":0},{"iso":"LKA","country":"Sri Lanka","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":3.4,"manuf":66.0,"food":27.3,"ores":0.6,"agri":2.7},"note":"Clothing leads, and the tea the island is famous for sits in the food column beside it.","tier":1},{"iso":"MWI","country":"Malawi","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0.0,"manuf":8.0,"food":90.2,"ores":0.8,"agri":0.9},"note":"Tobacco, to an unusual degree. Few countries in the world lean so heavily on a single leaf.","tier":1},{"iso":"ZMB","country":"Zambia","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":2.7,"manuf":14.1,"food":8.7,"ores":73.0,"agri":0.4},"note":"Copper, which has carried its exports for roughly a century and still decides what kind of year the country has.","tier":1},{"iso":"KAZ","country":"Kazakhstan","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":56.7,"manuf":20.9,"food":6.1,"ores":15.5,"agri":0.3},"note":"Oil, from fields so far inland that it has to cross other countries by pipeline before it can be loaded onto a ship.","tier":1},{"iso":"CHL","country":"Chile","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":1.3,"manuf":13.1,"food":22.9,"ores":56.1,"agri":5.3},"note":"Copper, and more of it than any other country digs. The food beside it is fruit, wine and farmed salmon.","tier":1},{"iso":"ECU","country":"Ecuador","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":27.5,"manuf":4.9,"food":53.7,"ores":6.9,"agri":3.9},"note":"Bananas and farmed shrimp. It is among the largest banana exporters anywhere, and the fuel beside it is oil.","tier":1},{"iso":"NLD","country":"Netherlands","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":12.7,"manuf":62.8,"food":16.4,"ores":2.3,"agri":2.8},"note":"Much of this was neither grown nor made here. Goods land at Rotterdam, are counted as Dutch exports on the way back out, and carry on into Europe. The food is genuinely Dutch, being greenhouse vegetables, cheese and flowers.","tier":1},{"iso":"KHM","country":"Cambodia","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0.0,"manuf":78.1,"food":15.2,"ores":2.3,"agri":2.6},"note":"Clothes and shoes, sewn in factories around Phnom Penh, which is Bangladesh's story at a smaller scale.","tier":1},{"iso":"TUN","country":"Tunisia","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":6.2,"manuf":77.3,"food":14.7,"ores":1.5,"agri":0.3},"note":"Clothing and wiring harnesses for European car factories, sold across a very short stretch of sea.","tier":1},{"iso":"GRC","country":"Greece","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":30.2,"manuf":37.1,"food":21.7,"ores":8.4,"agri":1.3},"note":"Much of that fuel is refined petroleum, made from crude the country buys in rather than pumps itself. Olive oil and fish sit in the food column.","tier":1},{"iso":"AZE","country":"Azerbaijan","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":88.0,"manuf":4.8,"food":4.1,"ores":1.0,"agri":0.7},"note":"Oil and gas, sent west by pipeline across Georgia and Turkiye to reach the sea.","tier":1},{"iso":"ISR","country":"Israel","year":"2022","parts":{"fuel":5.3,"manuf":89.8,"food":2.9,"ores":1.4,"agri":0.5},"note":"Electronics, instruments and pharmaceuticals, plus polished diamonds, which are counted as manufactured goods.","tier":1},{"iso":"PRY","country":"Paraguay","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":10.9,"manuf":16.2,"food":69.3,"ores":1.5,"agri":1.8},"note":"Soybeans and beef, grown on land that was forest within living memory.","tier":1},{"iso":"SGP","country":"Singapore","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":12.4,"manuf":74.0,"food":2.9,"ores":0.8,"agri":0.4},"note":"Chips and refined chemicals, and a great deal that simply passes through one of the busiest ports in the world.","tier":1},{"iso":"DNK","country":"Denmark","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":3.8,"manuf":72.7,"food":17.7,"ores":2.0,"agri":1.7},"note":"Medicines lead, from one of the world's larger pharmaceutical industries, with machinery and pork behind them.","tier":1},{"iso":"FIN","country":"Finland","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":7.5,"manuf":66.7,"food":3.1,"ores":8.0,"agri":7.1},"note":"Paper, pulp and machinery, from a country that is mostly forest.","tier":1},{"iso":"NOR","country":"Norway","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":65.5,"manuf":15.1,"food":10.2,"ores":5.2,"agri":0.7},"note":"The fuel is North Sea oil and gas, and the food beside it is farmed salmon, which is a far bigger export than most people would guess from a country known for the oil.","tier":1},{"iso":"IRL","country":"Ireland","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0.4,"manuf":90.7,"food":7.9,"ores":0.6,"agri":0.3},"note":"This is pharmaceuticals, not whiskey or beef. Global drug makers manufacture there, so medicines dominate a mix people always guess wrong.","tier":1},{"iso":"NZL","country":"New Zealand","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":1.1,"manuf":15.8,"food":67.1,"ores":3.3,"agri":9.7},"note":"Dairy above all, powdered and shipped, from a country with far more livestock than people.","tier":1},{"iso":"CRI","country":"Costa Rica","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0.0,"manuf":64.9,"food":32.3,"ores":1.4,"agri":1.1},"note":"These manufactures are medical devices, not coffee. The country deliberately moved into precision instruments, and the food column is where the bananas and coffee sit.","tier":1},{"iso":"KWT","country":"Kuwait","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":90.7,"manuf":8.1,"food":0.6,"ores":0.1,"agri":0.0},"note":"One of the most lopsided export mixes on earth, and all of it is oil.","tier":1},{"iso":"MNG","country":"Mongolia","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":61.1,"manuf":1.7,"food":3.3,"ores":26.3,"agri":2.7},"note":"The fuel here is coal, not oil, and nearly all of it goes south into China. The metals beside it are copper from the Gobi.","tier":1},{"iso":"URY","country":"Uruguay","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":1.3,"manuf":18.9,"food":65.3,"ores":0.3,"agri":14.1},"note":"Beef and soybeans, from a country where cattle comfortably outnumber people.","tier":1},{"iso":"QAT","country":"Qatar","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":83.8,"manuf":11.6,"food":0.1,"ores":2.5,"agri":0.0},"note":"The fuel is gas rather than oil, chilled into liquid and carried by ship, which is what let a small country sell to buyers with no pipeline to it.","tier":1},{"iso":"JAM","country":"Jamaica","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":28.8,"manuf":3.0,"food":30.4,"ores":37.6,"agri":0.1},"note":"Bauxite and alumina, the raw beginning of aluminium, dug from the island's red earth.","tier":1},{"iso":"BWA","country":"Botswana","year":"2023","parts":{"fuel":0.7,"manuf":86.3,"food":1.9,"ores":10.7,"agri":0.0},"note":"Those manufactures are diamonds. Botswana cuts and polishes stones rather than only digging them out, and a cut diamond is counted as something made rather than something mined.","tier":1},{"iso":"MDV","country":"Maldives","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0.1,"manuf":1.2,"food":94.4,"ores":4.3,"agri":0.0},"note":"Fish, and mostly tuna. Tourism earns far more, but a holiday is a service and does not appear in a merchandise export figure at all.","tier":1},{"iso":"BRN","country":"Brunei Darussalam","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":75.5,"manuf":24.2,"food":0.1,"ores":0.1,"agri":0.0},"note":"A small country almost entirely funded by liquefied gas, sold mostly to Japan and Korea.","tier":1},{"iso":"ISL","country":"Iceland","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":2.0,"manuf":18.4,"food":44.0,"ores":34.3,"agri":0.5},"note":"Fish and aluminium. The aluminium is smelted on an island with no bauxite of its own, purely because the geothermal and hydro power to melt it is cheap.","tier":1},{"iso":"SYC","country":"Seychelles","year":"2024","parts":{"fuel":0,"manuf":0.3,"food":85.9,"ores":13.7,"agri":0.1},"note":"Canned tuna, processed in the islands before it sails.","tier":1}]}